2010　Ph.D　Developmental Psychology, Cognitive Science and Cognitive Neuroscience (Affiliated)


　　　　　　 Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor


2004　M.S　Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences


2001　B.S　Computer Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China

2016-　　Professor　State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China


2010-2015　Investigator　State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

My research interests focus on social, affective and cultural neuroscience. Specifically, I am very interested in: 1) The role of emotion in morality and altruism. 2) the neural mechanism of human interpersonal behaviors, such as cooperation, competition and negotiation. 3) the neural correlates of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis, especially how English and Chinese languages influence English and Chinese-speakers' cognitive functions and social behaviors in the brain.

1. Xu, Z.H., Zhu, R.D., Zhang, S., Zhang S.H., Liang, Z.L., Mai, X.Q., Liu, C^*. (2022). Mortality salience enhances neural activities related to guilt and shame when recalling the past. Cerebral Cortex

2. Zhu, R.D., Xu, Z.H., Su, S., Feng,C.L., Luo, Y., Tang, H.H., Zhang, S., Wu, X.Y., Mai, X.Q., Liu, C^*. (2022). From gratitude to injustice: Neurocomputational mechanisms of gratitude-induced injustice. Neuroimage.

3. Chen, X.L., Xu, Z.H., Li,T., Wang, L., Li, P.Y., Xu, H., Feng, C.L*., Liu, C^*. (2021). Multivariate morphological brain signatures enable individualized prediction of dispositional need for closure. Brain Imaging and Behavior

4. Zhen Z., Wang, H.G., Zhu, R.D., Zhang, S., Jin, T., Qin, S.Z*., Liu,C.* (2021) Acute psychosocial stress increases third-party helping but not punishing behavior. Stress. 24(4):430-441.

5. Zhu, R.D., Xu, Z.H., Tang, H.H., Wang, H.G., Zhang, S.H., Zhang, Z.Q., Mai, X.Q., Liu, C^*. (2020). The dark side of gratitude: Gratitude could lead to moral violation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 91:104048

6. Su, R., Guo, L.F., Tang, H.H., Ye, P.X., Zhang, S., Yao, X., Liu, W.L^*., Liu, C^*. (2020). Comprehensive sexuality education weakens the effect ofin-group bias on trust and fairness. Sex Education. 20(1):33-45

7. Tang, H.H., Zhang, S., Jin, T., Wu, H.Y., Su, S*., Liu，C*. (2019). Brain activation and adaptation of deception processing during dyadic face-to-face interaction. Cortex. 20(1):326-339

8. Zhu, R.D., Feng, C.L., Zhang, S., Mai, X.Q^*., Liu, C^*. (2019). Differentiating guilt and shame in an interpersonal context with univariate activation and multivariate pattern analyses. Neuroimage. 186:476-486.

9. Tang, H.H., Wang, S., Liang, Z.L., Sinnott-Armstrong, W., Su, S*., Liu, C*. (2018). Are proselfs more deceptive and hypocritical? Social image concerns in appearing fair. Frontiers in Psychology.

10. Tang, H.H., Lu, X.P., Cui, Z.X., Feng, C.L., Lin,Q.X., Cui, X.G., Su, S*., Liu，C*. (2018). Resting-state functional connectivity and deception: exploring individualized deceptive propensity with machine learning. Neuroscience

11. Zhu, R.D., Xu, Z.H., Tang, H.H., Liu, J.T., Wang, H.Q., An, Y., Mai, X.Q*., Liu, C*. (2018). The effect of shame on anger at others: Awareness of the emotion-causing events matters. Cognition and Emotion. 1-13

12. Tang, H.H., Ye, P.X., Wang, S., Zhu, R.D., Su, S*., Tong, L.Q., Liu, C*. (2017). Stimulating the right temporoparietal junction with tDCS decreases deception in moral hypocrisy and unfairness. Frontiers in Psychology. 8: 2033.

13. Zhu, R.D., Wu, H.Y., Xu, Z.H., Tang, H.H., Shen, X.Y., Mai, X.Q^*., Liu, C^*.  (2017). Early distinction between shame and guilt processing in an interpersonal context. Social Neuroscience.

14. Wu, H.Y., Tang, H.H., Ge, Y., Yang, S.Y., Luo, Y.J., Mai, X.Q., Liu, C*. (2017). Object words modulate the activity of the mirror neuron system during action imitation. Brain and Behavior. e00840.

15. Tang, H.H., Lu, X.P., Su, R., Liang, Z.L., Mai, X.Q^*., Liu, C^*. (2017). Washing away your sins in the brain: Physical cleaning and priming of cleaning recruit different brain networks after moral threat. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. 12(7):1149-1158

16. Zhu, R.D., Jin, T., Shen, X.Y., Zhang, S., Mai, X.Q^*., Liu, C^*. (2017). Relational utility affects self-punishment in direct and indirect reciprocity situations. Social Psychology. 48(1):19-27

17. Zhu, R.D., Shen, X.Y., Ye, P.X., Tang, H.H., Mai, X.Q^*., Liu, C^*. (2017) Self-punishment promotes forgiveness in direct and indirect reciprocity context. Psychological Reports. 120(3):408-422

18. Mai, X.Q., Zhang, W.L., Hu, X.M., Zhen, Z., Xu, Z.H., Zhang, J., Liu, C^*. (2016). Using tDCS to explore the role of the right temporo-parietal junction in theory of mind and cognitive empathy. Frontiers in Psychology. 7:380

19. Tang, H.H., Mai, X.Q., Wang, S., Zhu. C.Z., Krueger, F., Liu, C ^*. (2016). Interpersonal brain synchronization in the right temporo-parietal junction during face-to-face economic exchange. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. 11(1):23-32

20. Gan, T., Lu, X.P., Li, W.Q., Gui, D.Y., Tang, H.H., Mai, X.Q., Liu, C^*., Luo, YJ^*. (2016). Temporal dynamics of the integration of intention and outcome in harmful and helpful moral judgment. Frontiers in Psychology. 6:2022

21. Gui, D.Y., Gan, T., Liu, C^*. (2016). Neural evidence for moral intuition and the temporal dynamics of interactions between emotional processes and moral cognition. Social Neuroscience. 11(4):380-394

22. Wu, H.Y, Ge,Y., Tang, H.H., Luo, Y.J., Mai, X.Q., Liu, C^*. (2015). Language modulates brain activity underlying representation of kinship terms. Scientific Reports. 5:18473

23. Wu, J.H., Zhang, S., Li, W.Q., Qin, S.Z., He, Y., Yang, Z., Buchanan, T.W., Liu, C^*, Zhang, K^*. (2015). Cortisol awakening response predicts intrinsic functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in the afternoon of the same day. Neuroimage. 122:158-65.

24. Lee, W.S^*, Tang, H.H., Wan, J., Mai, X.Q., Liu, C^*. (2015). A cultural look at moral purity: Wiping the face clean. Frontiers in Psychology. 6:577

25. Li, W.Q., Mai, X.Q^*, Liu, C^*.(2014) The default mode network and social understanding of others: What do brain connectivity studies tell us. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 8:74.

26. Liu, C., Tardif, T., Wu, H.Y., Monk, C.S., Luo, Y.J., Mai, X.Q^*. (2013).The representation of category typicality in the frontal cortex and its cross-linguistic variations. Brain and Language. 127(3): 415-27.

27. Wu, H.Y., Yang, S.Y., Sun, S.Y., Liu, C^*, Luo, Y.J^*. (2013). The male advantage in child facial resemblance detection: Behavioral and ERP evidence. Social Neuroscience. 8(6):555-67.

28. Wu, H.Y, Mai, X.Q^*, Tang, H.H., Ge,Y., Luo, Y.J., Liu, C^*. (2013). Dissociable somatotopic representations of Chinese action verbs in the motor and premotor cortex. Scientific Reports.3:2049.

29. Chen, C, Liu, C^*, Huang, R, Cheng, D, Wu, H, Xu, P, Ma,i X, Luo, YJ^*. (2012). Suppression of aversive memories associates with changes in early and late stages of neurocognitive processing. Neuropsychologia. 50(12):2839-2848.

30. Mai, X.Q., Ge, Y., Tao, L., Tang, H.H., Liu, C^*, Luo, Y.J^*. (2011). Eyes are windows to the Chinese soul: Evidence from the detection of real and fake smiles. PLoS ONE, 6(5): e19903

31. Liu, C., Tang, H.H., Luo, Y.J., Mai, X.Q^*. (2011). Multi-representation of symbolic and nonsymbolic numerical magnitude in Chinese number processing. PLoS ONE, 6(4): e19373

32. Liu, C., Ge, Y., Luo, W.B., Luo, Y. J^*. (2010). Show your teeth or not: The role of the mouth and eyes in smiles and its cross-cultural variations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 450-452

33. Liu, C., Ge, Y., Mai, X.Q., Luo, Y. J^*. (2010). Exploring the conceptual and semantic structure of human kinship: An experimental investigation of Chinese kin terms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 392-394.

34. Liu, C., Tardif, T ^*, Mai, X. Q., Simms, N., Gehring, W. J., Luo, Y. J^*. (2010). What's in a name? Brain activity reveals categorization processes differ across languages. Human Brain Mapping, 31(11):1786-1801

35. Liu, C., Zhang, W. T., Tang, Y. Y., Mai, X. Q., Chen, H. C., Tardif, T., Luo Y. J^*. (2008). The visual word form area: Evidence from an fMRI study of implicit processing of Chinese characters. Neuroimage, 40, 1350-1361

36. Zhu, R.D., Liu, C., Li, T., Xu, Z.H., Fung, B.W., Feng, C.L*., Wu, H.Y*., Luo, Y*., Wang, L*. (2019). Intranasal oxytocin reduces reactive aggression in men but not in women: A computational approach. Psychoneuroendocrinology

37. Zhu, Y.N., Chen, X., Zhao, H., Chen, M.L., Tian, Y.Q., Liu, C., Han, Z., Lin, X.J., Qiu, J., Xue, G., Shu, H., Qin, S.Z. (2019). Socioeconomic status disparities affect children’s anxiety and stress-sensitive cortisol awakening response through parental anxiety. Psychoneuroendocrinology 3 (6), 103: 96~103

38. Liu, Y.Z., Lin, W.J., Liu, C., Luo, Y.J., Wu, J.H*., Bayley, P.J., Qin, S.Z*.(2016). Memory consolidation reconfigures neural pathways involved in the suppression of emotional memories. Nature Communications 7:13375.

39. Feng,C., Deshpande, G., Liu, C., Gu, R., Luo, Y.J^*, Krueger, F. (2015). Diffusion of responsibility attenuates altruistic punishment: a functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study. Human Brain Mapping 3(2):663-667.

40. Lin Q., Dai Z., Xia M., Han Z., Huang R., Gong G., Liu C., Bi Y., He Y^*. (2015). A connectivity-based test-retest dataset of multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging in young healthy adults. Scientific Data 2:150056.

41. Feng,C., Wang, L., Liu, C., Zhu, X., Dai, R., Mai, XQ^*, Luo, Y^*. (2012). The time course of the influence of valence and arousal on the implicit processing of affective pictures. PLoS ONE, 7(1): e29668

42. Mai X. Q., Tardif T., Doan S. N., Liu C., Gehring W.J., Luo, Y.J^*. (2011) Brain activity elicited by positive and negative feedback in preschool-aged children. PLoS ONE, 6(4): e18774

43. Sun, S., Mai, X. Q., Liu, C., Liu, J. Y., Luo, Y. J^*. (2011). The processes leading to deception: ERP spatiotemporal principal component analysis and source analysis. Social Neuroscience, 6(4),348-359

44. 张思慧, 卞诚, 买晓琴, 秦绍正*,刘超*. (2020). 睡眠对违反道德的负性情绪记忆的调节. 科学通报

45. 王华根, 甄珍, 刘超*, 秦绍正*. (2020). 锄强还是扶弱: 急性应激如何影响第三方决策. 科学通报, 65(19): 1975-1984.  

46. 张智琦, 朱睿达, 刘超*. (2020). 国家自豪感对亲社会行为的影响:群体类型和忠诚度的调节作用. 科学通报, 65(19): 1956-1966.

47. 甘甜, 石睿, 刘超^*, 罗跃嘉^*. (2018). 经颅直流电刺激右侧颞顶联合区对助人意图加工的影响. 心理学报. 50(01):36-46.

48. 刘文利, 魏重政, 刘超. (2017). 从脑与认知神经科学视角看儿童道德发展和教育,人民教育, 758 (1)：68-71.

49. 叶佩霞, 朱睿达, 唐红红, 买晓琴^*, 刘超^*. (2017). 近红外光学成像在社会认知神经科学中的应用. 心理科学进展. 25 (5): 1-11

50. 甄珍, 秦绍正, 朱睿达, 封春亮, 刘超^*. (2017). 应激的脑机制及其对社会决策的影响探究.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), (3) :372-378

51. 张文莉, 唐红红, 刘超, 买晓琴*. (2016).多人交互同步记录技术在大脑神经活动测量中的应用. 心理与行为研究, 14(6): 834-841

52. 申学易, 买晓琴^*, 刘超^*. (2015). 基于互联网平台的大数据收集在社会认知研究中的应用. 科学通报. 60(11):986-993

53. 朱睿达, 张燊, 申学易, 刘超^*. (2014). 自我惩罚：影响因素、模型与展望. 心理科学进展. 22 (12): 1935-1943

54. 罗跃嘉, 李万清, 彭佳欣, 刘超^*. (2013) 道德判断的认知神经机制. 西南大学学报(社会科学版), 39(3):81-86.

55. 甘甜, 唐红红, 李万清, 陆夏平, 李小俚, 刘超^*, 罗跃嘉^*. (2013). 经颅直流电刺激右侧颞顶联合区对道德意图加工的影响. 心理学报, 45(9): 1004-1014.

56. 刘超, 买晓琴, 傅小兰^*. (2005). 内源性注意与外源性注意对数字加工的不同影响. 心理学报, 37(2), 167-177

57. 刘超, 买晓琴, 傅小兰^*. (2004). 不同注意条件下的空间－数字反应编码联合效应. 心理学报, 36(6), 671-680

58. 刘超, 傅小兰^*. (2004). 不同注意条件下大数与小数的加工差异. 心理学报, 36(3), 307-314

59. 傅小兰, 刘超. (2003). 认知心理学研究心智问题的途径与方法. 自然辩证法通讯, 25(5), 96-101